VLANs and subnets are instrumental to networks because they enable more efficient routing of traffic with more logical connections between network endpoints. When planning or developing a network, it's crucial that you determine a subnet sizing strategy for your VLANs.
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Subnetting really means adjusting the bit boundary of your subnet mask that gets attached to every IP address. Doing that allows you to allocate how many bits are allocated to networks and hosts and create custom-size networks for your environment.
Let's start off with examining the bottom two. They don't really relate to the VLAN situation we're exploring in this post, but they're still important to understand as subnets since you do use them in VLANs that deal with wide-area networks (WANs).
That's because of the sheer number of devices that people bring in. On many BYOD networks, there are so many devices around the office that look for access to a guest network that a /24 can run out of room. In those cases, a /23 or /22 subnet may be more appropriate.
It's interesting to note that there was a time people thought both of those were just too big. Their thinking was that there would be so many broadcasts that processors wouldn't be able to keep up. But "there was a time" means about 20 years ago. Our processors have evolved a smidge since then. These days, there's no issue with keeping up with that magnitude and frequency of broadcasts in contemporary networks.
The last VLAN we need to choose a subnet for is our flex VLAN: VLAN 50. Depending on your use case, and who you're setting the network up for, this might be for labs and clients, or a staging ground for setting up devices before deploying them on-site. Or you might need a flex network to effectively separate your networks and the work that you do on one. And so the size of it we'll leave entirely up to you as a practice run.
This window of exposure leaves unpatched systems susceptible to threats. In January 2020, threat actors launched attacks against unpatched servers to install ransomware, putting networks of over 80,000 companies at risk. 2ff7e9595c
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